This infographic explains how to calculate the exact amounts of cement, sand, and gravel needed for M20 grade concrete. The process starts with the standard M20 mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 (1 part cement, 1.5 parts sand, and 3 parts gravel). A crucial step often overlooked is accounting for the shrinkage that occurs when wet concrete hardens. To compensate for this volume loss, civil engineers apply a safety factor (typically 1.54 to 1.57) to the desired wet volume to determine the required dry volume of materials. Following the calculations in the image to get 1 cubic meter of finished concrete, you would need: Cement: 0.28 m³, or approximately 8 bags. Sand: 0.42 m³, or about 16 cubic feet. Aggregate (Gravel): 0.85 m³, or about 21 cubic feet. This is a fantastic reference for getting your mix proportions right every time! #CivilEngineering #Construction #ConcreteMix #BuildingTips #DIYProjects #Engineering #M20Concrete #ConstructionMath #BuildingMaterials

Step-by-step explanation of how reinforced and prestressed concrete beams work under heavy loads. Concrete alone is strong in compression but weak in tension, which is why reinforcement is crucial for structural safety and durability. 1️⃣ Concrete Beam Under Load: A plain concrete beam bends when a heavy load (like a truck) is applied, showing its natural weakness under tension. 2️⃣ Cracking at the Base: The base of the beam begins to crack because concrete is being pulled apart due to tensile stress. 3️⃣ Reinforced with Steel Rods: By placing a steel rod inside the beam, the reinforcement holds the concrete together, preventing cracks and providing tensile strength. 4️⃣ Prestressed Concrete: When the steel rod is stretched before pouring concrete and then released, it compresses the beam. This pre-compression counters the tensile forces when loads are applied, making the beam significantly stronger and more durable. 👉 This is why modern construction uses reinforced and prestressed concrete beams in bridges, buildings, and highways, ensuring safety and longevity under massive loads. 🚛🏗️ #EngineeringExplained #CivilEngineering #ConcreteStructures #StructuralEngineering #ReinforcedConcrete #PrestressedConcrete #ConstructionTech

In the Philippines, an inspiring wave of sustainable housing is taking shape — literally — with walls made from plastic soda bottles. These discarded bottles are packed tightly with mud, sand, or trash to form “eco-bricks,” which are then stacked like traditional bricks and cemented in place to build sturdy, affordable homes. This method not only recycles non-biodegradable waste but also cuts construction costs significantly, offering low-income communities a way to build durable shelters using easily available materials. The bottles provide excellent insulation and resilience against weather, making them ideal for tropical climates. Beyond individual homes, schools and community centers have also been built using these eco-bricks, often by local volunteers. It’s a creative, grassroots solution that addresses both the housing crisis and the mounting problem of plastic waste — proving that what’s thrown away can become the foundation for a better future. #EcoBrickHomes #TrashToShelter #SustainablePhilippines

“Lead me... but not like that.” Men are confused. Because when a woman says: “I want a man who leads... who protects... who provides...” It sounds like she’s asking for structure. But the moment a man sets structure... He’s often met with resistance. She says: “I want a masculine man” But when he asserts boundaries, she calls it control. When he offers vision, she calls it ego. When he moves with authority, she questions his tone. So now men are asking... Do women really want leadership? Or do they want influence... with the illusion of guidance? Do they want protection... But only when it’s soft and agreeable? Do they want provision... But only if it doesn't require submission? Because here’s the contradiction most men see: If a woman doesn’t trust a man’s leadership... Why is she with him? You don’t ask the blind to drive... So why do women ask men to lead... and then fight the direction? Leadership is not dictatorship. But it does require clarity, order, and the ability to say “no.” And a man can’t build a home with a partner who wants to decorate the blueprint mid-construction. So here’s the question... What do modern women really mean when they ask for a man to lead? And are they truly ready for what real leadership demands? #GenderWars #RelationshipRoles #ModernMasculinity #LeadProtectProvide #MasculineEnergy #SubmissionOrControl #MasculineLeadership #WomenAndLeadership #RelationshipClarity #SpiritualUnion #AccountabilityStartsHere

BASIC IMPORTANT KNOWLEDGE OF CIVIL SITE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION WORK (MANY TYPES OF CONCRETE CRACK)